✦ Architecture · End-to-end

How Aethelas Works

A complete walk-through of the Aethelas pipeline — from a signed transaction to a finalized block — including where the AI layer operates alongside the blockchain core, and where it does not.

Scope note: This model describes the current testnet implementation as of Q3 2026. It is a research-stage system, not a production network. All flows shown are implemented in the open-source codebase. Some components are marked planned where they are not yet fully wired.
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01 · FLOW End-to-end pipeline user → final block

Every transaction follows the same pipeline: it is constructed and signed by a wallet, validated by the API layer, filtered by the AI engine and mempool, propagated across the P2P network, agreed upon through BFT consensus, applied to state, and persisted to RocksDB.

Hover any block to lift it out of the rail.

User / DApp Wallet · API · Web App
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Aethelas API REST / JSON-RPC + JWT
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Transaction Validation SHA-256 · Ed25519 · nonce · balance · gas
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AI Engine risk · spam · MEV · threats
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TX Pool · Mempool
P2P Network X25519 + ChaCha20-Poly1305
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Consensus PROPOSE → PREVOTE → PRECOMMIT → ≥2/3
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Block Creation prev hash · TXs · root · validator · hash
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State Engine transfer · stake · gas · slash · rewards
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RocksDB State blocks · TXs · balances · stakes · AI state
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Final Aethelas Block permanent chain state
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02 · AI LAYER Where AI actually fits alongside, not inside, consensus

AI is not the consensus itself. It operates alongside the blockchain core as an advisory and security layer. Three subsystems read state and emit signals that the consensus and API layers can act on. Full details in TR‑04.

Hover a card — its layers separate in depth.

🧠

Validator Intelligence

Scores each validator's historical behaviour and computes a proposer weight. The score influences selection probability — it does not replace BFT.

  • uptime · participation
  • blocks_proposed · blocks_missed
  • votes_signed · double-sign detection
  • → proposer weight (0.5 – 3.0)
🔍

Transaction Intelligence

Classifies each incoming transaction with a risk score before mempool admission. This is the AIDecision record attached to every transaction.

  • spam detection (rate-window)
  • MEV pattern detection (gas distribution)
  • suspicious TX risk score
  • → approve / reject at mempool edge
🛡️

Threat Detection

Monitors the P2P layer for network-level attacks and writes a threat log that operators and the API can read.

  • Sybil (address-overlap detection)
  • Eclipse (peer-ID prefix diversity)
  • Sandwich (mempool pattern)
  • malicious peer flagging
AI
RISK
MEV
SPAM
SCORE
LOG
Advisory Layer
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03 · CRYPTOGRAPHY The cryptographic flow hash → sign → verify

A transaction is not "sent to a blockchain." It is hashed, signed, and then independently re‑verified by the node before it enters the mempool. Every step below is implemented in the current codebase.

Hover any card to lift it forward.

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Wallet constructs the transaction

from · to · amount · nonce · gas · chain_id

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SHA‑256 computes the transaction hash

hash = SHA-256(from:to:amount:nonce:gas:chain_id)

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Ed25519 signs the hash

The private key produces a signature over the 32‑byte hash. chain_id binding prevents cross‑chain replay.

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Node independently re‑computes and verifies

The node recomputes the hash, then verifies the signature against the sender's public key. It also checks nonce, balance, gas, and TX limits.

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Accepted into mempool

If all checks pass, the transaction enters the mempool with a priority derived from gas price.

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04 · CONSENSUS iPoS BFT consensus propose → prevote → precommit

Aethelas uses a Tendermint‑style BFT protocol with AI‑weighted proposer selection (iPoS). A block is finalized once two‑thirds of voting power reaches Precommit. Details in TR‑04.

Validators orbit the consensus core at three depths — the sweep arc marks quorum.

BFT
Propose / Prevote Precommit Quorum ≥ 2/3
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05 · BLOCK Block assembly layers → final block

A finalized block is not a monolith. It is an ordered stack of layers — previous hash, transactions, Merkle root, timestamp, validator signature, and finally the block hash itself. Watch them assemble and separate as the rotation cycles.

prev_hash0x7a3f…c2b1
transactions1,248 TX
merkle_root0x9e41…f7a3
timestamp1739…8841
validator0xa1f2…8b9c
block_hash0x5c8d…1e04
Continuously assembling · rotating · disassembling
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06 · STATE The state engine finalized block → persistent state

Once a block is finalized, the state engine executes each transaction and applies its effects. Every mutation is committed to RocksDB and becomes part of the permanent chain state.

Move your cursor over a card — it tilts in 3D space.

💸

Transfers

Move AETH between accounts; update balances and nonces.

🔒

Stake / Unstake

Lock or release AETH from validator bond; update stake records.

⛽

Gas Accounting

Charge gas per execution step; refund unused gas.

⚔️

Slashing

Apply double‑sign and downtime penalties; jail validator.

🎁

Rewards

Distribute block rewards to the proposer and voters.

🧠

AI State

Persist validator AI scores and threat logs across restarts.

Blocks
Transactions
Balances
Nonces
Stakes
Validators
AI state
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07 · VERIFY Prove what you know merkle root + signature

Enter a record ID to verify its existence and integrity on the Aethelas chain. Verification uses the Merkle root, the block timestamp, and the validator's cryptographic signature — the same primitives described above.

Awaiting verification…
⚡ Verification uses Merkle root + timestamp + cryptographic signature. All records are immutable and auditable.
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08 · TOOLING PDF Merger merge reports locally

Combine multiple verification reports into a single auditable PDF. Everything runs client-side — no file ever leaves your browser.

Drop reports here
Multiple PDFs · merged client-side
Blockchain + BFT Consensus + Cryptography + AI Security + Persistent State

The codebase already connects these pieces: the node starts the blockchain core, the P2P network, the REST and JSON‑RPC APIs, the transaction pool, the AI engine, and the consensus loop in a single coordinated runtime.

Want to see it running?

Explore the terminal, verify a record, or read the whitepaper for the full technical specification.